安卓蓝牙app开发流程

安卓蓝牙App开发流程

在开发安卓蓝牙应用时,需要遵循以下基本流程:

1. 获取蓝牙权限

在 AndroidManifest.xml 文件中,添加以下两个权限请求:

```xml

```

如果需要连接到 BLE 设备,还需要添加一个定位权限:

```xml

```

2. 检查蓝牙硬件是否可用

在编写应用时,需要确保设备支持蓝牙,并且蓝牙已经开启。可以通过获取 BluetoothAdapter 实例来实现这个功能:

```java

BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();

if (bluetoothAdapter == null) {

// 设备不支持蓝牙,提示用户

}

if (!bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {

Intent enableBtIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);

startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);

}

```

3. 搜索设备

在寻找并匹配目标设备前,请确保设备是可以被发现的。可以通过调用以下方式使设备在蓝牙设置中被发现:

```java

Intent discoverableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);

discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300);

startActivity(discoverableIntent);

```

接着,使用 BroadcastReceiver 来侦听找到的设备:

```java

private final BroadcastReceiver receiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {

@Override

public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {

String action = intent.getAction();

if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {

BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);

// 获取设备名字和地址,并进行下一步操作

String deviceName = device.getName();

String deviceAddress = device.getAddress();

}

}

};

// 注册 Broadcast Receiver

IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);

registerReceiver(receiver, filter);

```

4. 连接设备

在找到目标设备后,通过其 MAC 地址建立连接。需要创建一个 BluetoothSocket 对象,并调用其 connect 方法。

```java

private class ConnectThread extends Thread {

private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket;

public ConnectThread(BluetoothDevice device) {

BluetoothSocket tmp = null;

try {

tmp = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(MY_UUID);

} catch (IOException e) {

Log.e(TAG, "Socket's create() method failed", e);

}

mmSocket = tmp;

}

public void run() {

// Cancel discovery because it otherwise slows down the connection.

bluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();

try {

// Connect to the remote device through the socket.

mmSocket.connect();

} catch (IOException e) {

// Unable to connect; close the socket and return.

try {

mmSocket.close();

} catch (IOException closeException) {

Log.e(TAG, "Could not close the client socket", closeException);

}

return;

}

// 蓝牙连接成功, 可以进行数据传输操作

}

// Closes the client socket and causes the thread to finish.

public void cancel() {

try {

mmSocket.close();

} catch (IOException e) {

Log.e(TAG, "Could not close the client socket", e);

}

}

}

```

5. 数据传输

可以通过获取输入输出流进行数据的发送和接收。

```java

private InputStream mmInStream;

private OutputStream mmOutStream;

// 在 ConnectThread 的 run 方法中调用以下代码来获取输入输出流:

mmInStream = mmSocket.getInputStream();

mmOutStream = mmSocket.getOutputStream();

```

创建一个新线程来从输入流中读取数据:

```java

private class ReadThread extends Thread {

public void run() {

byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];

int bytes;

while (true) {

try {

bytes = mmInStream.read(buffer);

//处理接收到的数据

} catch (IOException e) {

//读取数据出现错误

break;

}

}

}

}

```

将数据写入输出流进行发送:

```java

public void write(byte[] bytes) {

try {

mmOutStream.write(bytes);

} catch (IOException e) {

//发送数据出现错误

}

}

```

6. 断开连接

断开连接时需要关闭输入输出流和 BluetoothSocket。

```java

public void cancel() {

try {

mmInStream.close();

mmOutStream.close();

mmSocket.close();

} catch (IOException e) {

//关闭资源出现错误

}

}

```

这就是安卓蓝牙应用开发的基本步骤。在掌握这些基本知识后,你可以尝试开发更复杂的蓝牙应用,例如 BLE 设备等。

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